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Sustainable Taxation – Kasem Zotkaj’s Research Sheds Light on a Timely Topic

Sustainable Taxation – Kasem Zotkaj’s Research Sheds Light on a Timely Topic

The connection between sustainability and taxation is gaining increasing attention in research and policy-making. This is not just about designing tax systems that are fairer and more environmentally friendly, but also about understanding how taxation can contribute to achieving global sustainability goals.

 

In his latest publication, featured in the ABDC A-ranked eJournal of Tax Research, Kasem Zotkaj, PhD candidate at the Liechtenstein Business Law School, explores these pressing issues. His research helps clarify the concept of sustainable taxation and examines its role in fostering sustainable development.

 

The concept of sustainable taxation is still relatively new and lacks a precise definition. According to Kasem Zotkaj’s analysis, it carries the risk of being influenced by moral subjectivity, which poses challenges for both taxpayers and policymakers. To address this, he conducted a conceptual analysis to identify the fundamental characteristics of sustainable taxation. His findings show that sustainable taxation goes beyond merely generating revenue. It must also promote behavioral changes and contribute to aligning ecological, social, and economic goals.

 

A key focus of the research is the interaction between tax policy and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This interaction can be divided into two dimensions:
Indirect Support: Tax policy can support the SDGs by promoting domestic resource mobilization. This means that effective tax systems can provide more funding for education, healthcare, or infrastructure - essential components of sustainable development.
Direct Support: A direct connection exists when tax laws are designed to go beyond revenue collection and explicitly pursue regulatory objectives. Examples include environmental taxes aimed at reducing carbon emissions or tax incentives for sustainable investments.
These two dimensions align with the core objectives of taxation: revenue generation and behavioral regulation. Zotkaj’s analysis provides a deeper understanding of these interactions and evaluates how tax policy can effectively contribute to sustainability.

 

Sustainable taxation is a topic that affects everybody — whether as taxpayers, policymakers, or researchers. Kasem Zotkaj’s work underscores the importance of clearly defining this concept and using it as a tool for sustainability. His research is a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate about the role of tax policy in a changing world.

 

Link: https://www.unsw.edu.au/content/dam/pdfs/business/acct-audit-tax/research-reports/ejournal-of-tax-research/2024-12-ejournal-tax-research-v22-n3/2024-12-eJTR-the-concept-of-sustainable-taxation-v22-n3.pdf

Three Fascinating Insights into the World of AI and Digitalization

Three Fascinating Insights into the World of AI and Digitalization

In recent months, researchers from the university have delivered groundbreaking presentations offering valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization.

 

These contributions highlight the profound impact of AI and innovative technologies on our lives and work — whether through AI-powered price negotiations, the analysis of technological trends, or the promotion of digital skills at the local level.

 

The following section provides an in-depth look at three outstanding contributions.

 

Price negotiations with artificial intelligence: opportunities and challenges

 

How does artificial intelligence like ChatGPT negotiate with humans? A study led by Johannes Schneider showed that AI sometimes struggled with reasoning, fell for clever tricks ("prompt hacks"), but also employed a typical strategy of making small concessions. It offered wildly different deals depending on how skilled the human negotiator was. This means there's a big gap in how well people know how to "talk" to AI effectively. The paper won the best paper runner-up (i.e., 2nd place) at the 8th International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications (CHIRA).

 

New Approaches to Predicting Technological Trends Through Job Postings

 

Marie Scheuffele and Prof. Dr. Leo Brecht presented their research at the ISPIM Innovation Conference 2024 in Tallinn, showcasing how online job postings related to AI can be used to identify technological convergence and fusion at an early stage. The presentation provided an overview of current theories on technological convergence and described a keyword-based analysis of job postings. An innovative interpretive approach differentiates between technological fusion and convergence. This research aims to help companies and decision-makers better prepare for technological developments in the field of artificial intelligence.

 

Experience Digitalization Up Close at the 3rd Café Digital in Feldkirch

 

On November 20, 2024, the Montforthaus in Feldkirch attracted over 200 digital enthusiasts, including government employees from Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein. A highlight of the event was the lecture by Prof. Johannes Schneider, who compellingly explored the opportunities and risks of generative AI. Another standout was the presentation on “Feldi,” a chatbot project led by Alexander Maurer and developed for the city of Feldkirch.

 

Start of Erasmus+ Project "Crafting Clay – Exploring Circularity with Local Earth"

Start of Erasmus+ Project "Crafting Clay – Exploring Circularity with Local Earth"

Eine Gruppe von acht Personen steht vor einem grünen Hintergrund. Sie lächeln in die Kamera. Im Hintergrund hängt ein Banner mit der Aufschrift "Erasmus+ Neue Perspektiven, Neue Horizonte".

The project consortium, consisting of four European architecture schools, met at the University of Liechtenstein for the kick-off meeting of the three-year Erasmus+ project “Crafting Clay - Exploring Circularity with Local Earth”, which is funded by the AIBA with 400,000 Euros.

 

The project deals with the investigation of clay as a building material, the traditional use of which has been forgotten in the past. With modern mechanical processes, it is now possible to produce clay techniques in combination with other materials that were previously produced exclusively by hand. In this context, existing technical and craft traditions and aspects of earth building are considered and analyzed in order to learn from existing buildings and draw lessons for the future.
Against the backdrop of climate change and the need for resource-conserving construction, this subject area enables the establishment and redefinition of alternatives in the construction industry and thus enriches the European discourse on the intelligent, sustainable and resource-conserving use of materials in the long term. Through these different approaches in combination with practical expertise from the construction industry, the project creates a unique and enriching basis for new knowledge in the European context, both in the academic world and for construction practice.


The four universities involved in the partnership, University of Liechtenstein, KU Leuven (BE), Academie van Bouwkunst (NL) and NTNU Trondheim (NO), are addressing this topic and discussing and evaluating it in fundamentally different technical and cultural ways. The three-year project is being coordinated by Dr. Carmen Rist-Stadelmann and Prof. Urs Meister from the Department of Craft & Structure at the School of Architecture at the University of Liechtenstein. Upon completion, the results will be presented to the public at a symposium, on the websites of the respective partner universities and in a publication by Park Books Verlag, Zurich.

Eine Gruppe von acht Personen steht vor einem grünen Hintergrund. Sie lächeln in die Kamera. Im Hintergrund hängt ein Banner mit der Aufschrift "Erasmus+ Neue Perspektiven, Neue Horizonte".

Building Education

Building Education

Alumna Isha Dhingra and PhD student Daniel Haselsberger are currently in the Indian state of Bihar to complete an important initiative: the construction of a school that began the year before last. Together with the schoolchildren and local villagers, they are now putting the finishing touches on the building.

 

Through their work on-site, Isha and Daniel aim not only to construct a school but also to create access to education – a step that will profoundly and sustainably impact the lives of many children and families.

 

This project demonstrates what can be achieved through dedication and collaboration. Education builds the future – and here, it is taking shape through collective effort.

 

More about the project: A school in India

Mention at the Piranesi Award 2024

Mention at the Piranesi Award 2024

Modell eines architektonischen Projekts mit zwei Gebäuden, umgeben von kahlen Bäumen. Das linke Gebäude hat ein geneigtes Dach, während das rechte ein Flachdach aufweist. Kleine Figuren und Fußspuren sind auf dem Boden sichtbar, was eine menschliche Präsenz andeutet.

The Piranesi Award, presented as part of the Piran Days of Architecture, is one of the most prestigious architectural awards in Central Europe. Since its inception, it has annually recognised outstanding projects by students and architects from across Europe. The aim of the award is to promote innovative architectural ideas characterised by quality, contextual sensitivity, and visionary approaches.

 

The Liechtenstein School of Architecture is delighted to announce that student Antonia Trager has received a "Mention" at the Piranesi Award 2024. Her project, “La mucca podolica”, developed under the supervision of Alberto Alessi and Anna Lohs, impressed the international jury with its design and innovative approach.

 

This year, a total of 39 student submissions from 21 European architecture schools were evaluated.

 

We warmly congratulate Antonia on this outstanding achievement.

 

For more information about the competition and the awardees, visit the official website: PIDA 2024.

Modell eines architektonischen Projekts mit zwei Gebäuden, umgeben von kahlen Bäumen. Das linke Gebäude hat ein geneigtes Dach, während das rechte ein Flachdach aufweist. Kleine Figuren und Fußspuren sind auf dem Boden sichtbar, was eine menschliche Präsenz andeutet.

The recent Educational Journey of the Master's programme in Innovative Finance to Singapore was truly transformative!

The recent Educational Journey of the Master's programme in Innovative Finance to Singapore was truly transformative!

Gruppe von Studierenden und Fachleuten in formeller Kleidung steht in der Lobby der VP Bank. Im Hintergrund ist das Logo der Bank sichtbar. Die Szene vermittelt eine professionelle und lernorientierte Atmosphäre.

This year, the programme explored Southeast Asia - a region experiencing rapid economic growth and playing an increasingly strategic role in global finance. This trip was more than just an academic excursion; it was an eye-opening experience that reshaped how students view wealth management and the evolving financial landscape in Asia.

 

Throughout the week, students engaged with leading institutions across the finance sector. From exploring alternative assets at Alta Group and gaining market insights at CGS International Securities Singapore to learning about relationship-driven strategies at VP Bank Asia and blended finance solutions at LGT Private Banking - each session enriched their understanding from multiple angles.

 

They also gained valuable insights from Equanimity® (Blockchain) Holdings Pte. Ltd., Raffles Family Office, Julius Baer, and Deutsche Bank, highlighting how traditional and modern finance converge in Singapore. The visit to the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) provided a comprehensive overview of regulatory frameworks, digital currency initiatives, and financial transformation in the region.

 

At Orbis Advisory, PwC Singapore, and SGX Group, students explored the elements that position Singapore as a global financial hub. They were also honored to be hosted by the Honorary Consul Gerald Ong and members of the Embassy of Switzerland in Singapore, which emphasized the importance of diplomacy in international finance.

 

Each visit contributed uniquely to the richness of the journey, offering insights that expanded the learning and sparked meaningful reflection.

Gruppe von Studierenden und Fachleuten in formeller Kleidung steht in der Lobby der VP Bank. Im Hintergrund ist das Logo der Bank sichtbar. Die Szene vermittelt eine professionelle und lernorientierte Atmosphäre.

Graduation Ceremony of the Certificate Program in Fiduciary Services

Graduation Ceremony of the Certificate Program in Fiduciary Services

On 10 April 2025, the University of Liechtenstein bid farewell to 29 graduates of the Certificate Program in Fiduciary Services during a festive ceremony. These emerging professionals will now contribute their expertise to strengthening Liechtenstein's financial centre.

 

Prof. Dr. iur. Alexandra Butterstein, LL.M., Dean of the Liechtenstein Business Law School, welcomed the graduates and emphasized in her commencement address the growing importance of qualified fiduciary professionals in today’s increasingly complex international financial landscape. She then awarded the certificates in recognition of the students’ achievements and congratulated them on their successful graduation.

 

Award for Outstanding Academic Achievement

 

A highlight of the ceremony was the presentation of the Liechtenstein Institute of Professional Trustees and Fiduciaries Award. Dr. Stefan Wenaweser, President of the Institute, presented the prize to Anna Wohlwend, who graduated with top honors. This award reflects the long-standing and successful collaboration between the University of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein Institute of Professional Trustees and Fiduciaries.

 

Most of the graduates will continue their academic journey by enrolling in the advanced Diploma Program in Fiduciary Services at the University of Liechtenstein, further deepening their expertise. Prof. Dr. iur. Alexandra Butterstein, LL.M. and Dr. Stefan Wenaweser wish all graduates continued success in both their academic and professional careers.

Fathers as Breadwinners, Mothers as Caregivers? New Study Exposes Harmful Gender Roles

Fathers as Breadwinners, Mothers as Caregivers? New Study Exposes Harmful Gender Roles

Eine Person mit Brille und langem Haar steht in einem modernen Gebäude und trägt einen roten Pullover. Sie lächelt leicht und lehnt sich an ein Geländer.

Why does true gender equality in the workplace often remain an unattainable goal? A new study reveals that deeply ingrained ideas about motherhood and fatherhood significantly influence family roles, ultimately disadvantaging women in their careers.

 

Associate Professor Dr. Lindsay Howe from the University of Liechtenstein, along with researchers from the University of Cardiff and the Institute for Voluntary Action Research, examined how entrenched gender roles shape everyday life for families in South Africa – with surprising findings.

 

The study, based on focus groups, ethnographic research, and innovative data collection using "Volunteered Geographic Information" (VGI), found that many people – regardless of gender – still perceive fathers primarily as "breadwinners." As a result, many fathers fulfill their parenting duties only in brief moments between professional obligations. The researchers call this phenomenon "parenthetical parenting," which further reinforces existing inequalities.

 

What makes this particularly concerning is that the gap between ideal and reality affects families across all social classes. While many fathers aspire to take a more active role in parenting, societal and economic structures often prevent them from doing so. At the same time, the bulk of caregiving responsibilities still falls on mothers – with far-reaching consequences for their professional development.

 

Published in the renowned journal The Professional Geographer, this study builds on previous research by the authors. In a Time Magazine article (https://time.com/6249410/secret-tax-women-time/), they explored the hidden costs women bear due to caregiving responsibilities. The new findings now highlight that the issue is not just about mothers but also the challenges faced by fathers who wish to be more involved.

 

One thing is clear: As long as these traditional gender roles persist, true equality will remain elusive. However, the study’s insights could pave the way for a fairer distribution of work and caregiving responsibilities.

 

More about the study: https://www.uni.li/de/forschung/forschungsaktivitaeten/veroeffentlichungen/publikationen/@@publication_detail/9837.67

Eine Person mit Brille und langem Haar steht in einem modernen Gebäude und trägt einen roten Pullover. Sie lächelt leicht und lehnt sich an ein Geländer.

Visiting Professorship at the Faculté Libre de Droit, Paris

Visiting Professorship at the Faculté Libre de Droit, Paris

Gruppe von Studierenden und einer Lehrperson vor einem modernen, runden Universitätsgebäude bei sonnigem Wetter.

Prof. Dr. Konstantina Papathanasiou, LL.M., from the Chair of Economic Criminal Law, Compliance and Digitalization, has served as a visiting professor at the Faculté Libre de Droit (Paris campus of the Université Catholique de Lille) since 2016, where she teaches a course on German Criminal Law each year.

 

This year, she once again spent a week in Paris, inspiring highly motivated fourth-semester students with her expertise in criminal law, while also contributing to the international visibility of the University of Liechtenstein.

Gruppe von Studierenden und einer Lehrperson vor einem modernen, runden Universitätsgebäude bei sonnigem Wetter.

Securing Family Businesses for the Long Term – But How?

Securing Family Businesses for the Long Term – But How?

Eine Gruppe von Studierenden und Dozenten des LL.M.-Executive-Masterstudiengangs im Gesellschafts-, Stiftungs- und Trustrecht der Universität Liechtenstein posiert auf einer Treppe im Freien. Sie sind Teil des I&F Family Wealth Preservation Awards. Im Hintergrund sind Pflanzen und eine Gebäudefassade zu sehen.

This question is at the heart of a new case study challenge for students enrolled in the Executive LL.M. in Company, Foundation and Trust Law at the University of Liechtenstein. The initiative offers participants the chance to win a total of CHF 9,000 in prize money. It marks the official launch of the I&F Family Wealth Preservation Award—a joint initiative of the University of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein-based fiduciary company Industrie- und Finanzkontor Ets.

 

The I&F Family Wealth Preservation Award gives Executive LL.M. students a unique opportunity to gain deeper insights into Liechtenstein’s fiduciary sector. The award is structured as a competition in which students solve a practice-oriented case study involving multiple legal and strategic dimensions. This year’s task centres on a third-generation family business that must be restructured in a way that:

 

  • ensures its continuity for future generations,
  • allows ongoing management by family members,
  • preserves decision-making authority within the family,
  • enables adaptability to unforeseen external developments, and
  • maintains strong family relationships.

 

The task highlights that successful wealth structuring goes beyond legal frameworks—it requires broader strategic thinking. The I&F Family Wealth Preservation Award promotes a vital exchange between academia and professional practice. Winners will be selected by an expert jury in December 2025, and their solutions will be presented to the public at a formal award ceremony on 26 January 2026.

 

Statement by I.D. Gisela Bergmann, Princess of Liechtenstein, CEO and Managing Director of Industrie- und Finanzkontor Ets.: “With the I&F Family Wealth Preservation Award, we aim to deepen the understanding of fiduciary work in Liechtenstein. The core task of a trustee is to assess complex asset situations from a comprehensive and objective perspective, and to structure wealth so that it can be preserved, purposefully managed, and transferred across generations. Fiduciary activity in Liechtenstein involves far more than simply establishing legal entities. Through the Award, we enable students to engage with the diverse requirements of fiduciary practice and raise awareness of its long-term responsibilities.”

 

Statement by Prof. Dr. Alexandra Butterstein, LL.M., Programme Director of the Executive Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Company, Foundation and Trust Law: “We are very pleased about the strong interest in the I&F Family Wealth Preservation Award, which for the sixth time offers our students the valuable opportunity to apply their academic knowledge to a real-world context. This chance to tackle a multifaceted, complex case from wealth structuring—both academically and practically—perfectly complements the Executive LL.M. The Award specifically prepares participants for the demands of long-term wealth preservation, a skillset essential to their future professional practice.”

Eine Gruppe von Studierenden und Dozenten des LL.M.-Executive-Masterstudiengangs im Gesellschafts-, Stiftungs- und Trustrecht der Universität Liechtenstein posiert auf einer Treppe im Freien. Sie sind Teil des I&F Family Wealth Preservation Awards. Im Hintergrund sind Pflanzen und eine Gebäudefassade zu sehen.
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